How to read this Freud family tree
Read the Freud family tree from the top down, one generation to a row. The Sigmund Freud genogram draws the same family in clinical notation, with relationship lines and conditions.
A portrait is a person
A silhouette stands in where no likeness is free to use.
A double ring is the centre
Sigmund Freud is the centre of the chart.
A joining line is a marriage
Jacob Freud has three, one for each wife.
Jacob Freud and his three marriages
Jacob Freud was born in Tysmenitz in Galicia, probably on 18 December 1815, and traded in fabric.15 He married young, in 1832. His first wife, Sally Kanner, was the mother of Emanuel and died in 1852.159
A register of 1852 names a wife called Rebeka, who may have been a second wife or an administrative error.15 The Freud family tree draws Rebecca because the record exists, and gives her no years because none are known.
On 29 July 1855 Jacob married Amalia Nathansohn in Vienna. She was about twenty years younger.1516 Emanuel was married to Maria, and their son John was born in 1855, a year before his uncle Sigmund.9 Poor business decisions took Jacob to Vienna, where his wife and children joined him in August 1859. Emanuel and Philipp became merchants in Manchester.159
Sigmund Freud and his brothers and sisters
Sigmund Freud was born on 6 May 1856 in Freiberg, now Příbor in the Czech Republic, the first of eight children of Amalia.716 Julius died in infancy. Five sisters followed, Anna, Rosa, Marie, Adolfine and Paula, and the youngest child, Alexander, was born in 1866.16
Anna was one of the first Jewish teachers in Vienna. In 1883 she married Eli Bernays, and in 1892 she followed him to New York.214 Rosa ran a school of fine embroidery, Marie learned bookkeeping, Adolfine cared for the parents and Paula was an embroiderer. Alexander became a railway tariff expert with the title of imperial councillor.2
Martha Bernays and her sister Minna
Martha Bernays was born on 26 July 1861 to the merchant Berman Bernays and Emmeline Philipp of Hamburg.1712 Berman moved the family to Vienna in 1869 and died there suddenly in 1879.17 On the Freud family tree Eli stands beside his sisters Martha and Minna, so two marriages join the Freud and Bernays lines.
Martha met Sigmund Freud in April 1882. They married at Wandsbek, near Hamburg, on 13 September 1886.17 Her sister Minna Bernays, whose fiancé had died, joined the household about a year after the birth of Anna in 1895 and later died in London.1711
Jacob FreudSeated with his son Sigmund.
Amalia FreudMother of eight.
Sigmund FreudBy Max Halberstadt, 1921.
Martha BernaysIn 1882.
Minna BernaysIn 1882.
Anna FreudIn 1957.
The six children of Sigmund and Martha Freud
Mathilde, the eldest, was born in 1887. Martin followed in 1889, Oliver in 1891, Ernst in 1892, Sophie in 1893 and Anna in 1895.171819202122
Sophie married Max Halberstadt in Hamburg on 14 January 1913. Their sons Ernst Wolfgang and Heinz were born in 1914 and 1918. Sophie died of complications of the Spanish flu on 25 January 1920.2213 Mathilde took in Heinz, who died of tuberculosis in 1923 at the age of four.2218
Anna Freud began analytic work with children in 1923 and practised for nearly sixty years.8
The exile of 1938 and the four sisters
In May 1938 the lease of the flat at Berggasse 19 was ended. Sigmund Freud left Vienna with his family on 4 June 1938 and reached London on 6 June.2 He died there on 23 September 1939.7 The household settled at 20 Maresfield Gardens in Hampstead, where Anna lived for over forty years.8
Four sisters stayed behind in Vienna, while Alexander emigrated with his family.1 The money left for the sisters was soon taken by taxes, and their last address was Seegasse 9.13 In the summer of 1942 they were deported to Theresienstadt, where Adolfine died on 29 September.15 Marie and Paula were taken on to Treblinka on 23 September and Rosa on 29 September, and they were murdered within hours of arrival.4631
On the Freud family tree the years of the three women killed at Treblinka end with the word after, because the transport is dated and the day of death is not.
The people on the Freud family tree
Each person on the Freud family tree has a row. Choose a year to list the people alive before it.
All 30 people on the chart are listed.
| Portrait | Person | Years | Life | On the chart |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SF | Sally FreudFirst wife of Jacob | ?–1852 | Born Kanner, she died in 1852. | |
| RF | Rebecca FreudNamed as his wife in 1852 | Not recorded | Known from one register only. Sources15 | |
| Jacob FreudFather of Sigmund | 1815–1896 | A fabric trader from Galicia. Sources15 | |
| Amalia FreudMother of Sigmund | 1835–1930 | Born in Brody, she died in Vienna in 1930. Sources16 | |
| BB | Berman BernaysFather of Martha | 1826–1879 | A merchant who moved to Vienna in 1869. Sources17 | |
| EB | Emmeline BernaysMother of Martha | 1830–1910 | Born Philipp, in Hamburg. Sources12 | |
| EF | Emanuel FreudSon of Jacob and Sally | 1833?–1914 | A merchant in Manchester. Sources9 | |
| MF | Maria FreudWife of Emanuel | 1835?–1923 | Recorded as Marie Kokach. Sources9 | |
| PF | Philipp FreudSon of Jacob | 1836?–1911 | A merchant in Manchester. Sources9 | |
| Sigmund FreudProfessor in Vienna | 1856–1939 | He died in exile in London. Sources7 | |
| JF | Julius FreudBrother of Sigmund | 1857–1858 | He died in infancy. Sources16 | |
| AB | Anna BernaysSister of Sigmund | 1858–1955 | A teacher who moved to New York. | |
| RF | Rosa FreudSister of Sigmund | 1860–aft. 1942 | Murdered at Treblinka in 1942. | |
| MF | Marie FreudSister of Sigmund | 1861–aft. 1942 | Murdered at Treblinka in 1942. | |
 | Adolfine FreudSister of Sigmund | 1862–1942 | She died at Theresienstadt in 1942. | |
| PF | Paula FreudSister of Sigmund | 1864–aft. 1942 | Murdered at Treblinka in 1942. | |
| AF | Alexander FreudBrother of Sigmund | 1866–1943 | A railway tariff expert who emigrated. | |
| EB | Eli BernaysHusband of Anna | 1860–1923 | He founded a travel agency. Sources14 | |
| Martha FreudWife of Sigmund | 1861–1951 | Mother of six children. Sources17 | |
| Minna BernaysSister of Martha | 1865–1941 | She died in London in 1941. | |
| JF | John FreudSon of Emanuel | 1855–1936? | His year of death is uncertain. Sources9 | |
| MF | Mathilde FreudEldest child of Sigmund | 1887–1978 | She ran a clothing shop in London. Sources18 | |
 | Martin FreudSon of Sigmund | 1889–1967 | A lawyer and publisher. Sources19 | |
 | Oliver FreudSon of Sigmund | 1891–1969 | A civil engineer in Philadelphia. Sources20 | |
 | Ernst FreudSon of Sigmund | 1892–1970 | An architect in Berlin and London. Sources21 | |
 | Max HalberstadtHusband of Sophie | 1882–1940 | He died in Johannesburg in 1940. Sources13 | |
 | Sophie HalberstadtDaughter of Sigmund | 1893–1920 | She died at twenty-six. Sources22 | |
| Anna FreudYoungest child of Sigmund | 1895–1982 | A pioneer of child analysis. | |
 | Ernst HalberstadtSon of Sophie | 1914–2008 | Later W. Ernest Freud. Sources10 | |
| HH | Heinz HalberstadtSon of Sophie | 1918–1923 | He died at four. Sources22 |
Questions about the Freud family tree
Who is on the Freud family tree
Thirty people in four generations, from Jacob Freud and his three wives to the sons of Sophie Halberstadt.
What happened to the sisters of Sigmund Freud
Rosa, Marie, Adolfine and Paula stayed in Vienna. They were deported in 1942, Adolfine died at Theresienstadt and the other three were murdered at Treblinka.
How the Freud family tree differs from the genogram
This page is a history with portraits and sources. The Sigmund Freud genogram draws the family in clinical notation.
People and sources
A page of its own lists the 22 numbered sources this article cites. It also gives the credits of the portraits and this page as a reference in the APA, MLA, Chicago and Harvard styles, ready to copy.