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Henry VIII (1491–1547), King of England, is the index person. His father, Henry VII (1457–1509), who died of tuberculosis, was the only child of Edmund Tudor (born about 1430, died of plague in 1456) and Margaret Beaufort (1443–1509), married in 1455 and parted by Edmund's death the next year. His mother, Elizabeth of York (1466–1503), was the daughter of Edward IV (1442–1483) and Elizabeth Woodville (born about 1437, died 1492), married in 1464 until Edward's death in 1483. Henry VII and Elizabeth married in 1486; she died of a postpartum infection in 1503. Their surviving children were Arthur, Prince of Wales (1486–1502), Margaret (1489–1541), later Queen of Scotland, Henry, and Mary (1496–1533), briefly Queen of France.
Margaret Beaufort was widowed at thirteen, nearly three months before her son was born. Arthur married Catherine of Aragon (1485–1536) in 1501 and died of an unknown illness in 1502, leaving her a widow at sixteen. Catherine was engaged to Henry in 1503 and married him in 1509. Their daughter Mary I (1516–1558) was the only child to survive. Henry set Catherine aside because she had not produced a living son, arguing that her first marriage to his brother made theirs invalid. The marriage was annulled in 1533; Henry banished Catherine and cut off from her completely, and she died, probably of cancer, in 1536. He forbade Mary to attend her mother's funeral. Mary was close to her mother; she and Henry did not speak for three years, a cutoff repaired in 1536.
Henry had an affair, ended by 1519, with Elizabeth Blount, known as Bessie Blount (about 1500–1540), whose son Henry FitzRoy (1519–1536) he acknowledged; FitzRoy married Mary Howard (about 1519–1557) in 1533; the young couple did not live together, and FitzRoy died of probable tuberculosis in 1536, leaving her a widow. Henry also had an earlier affair, since ended, with Mary Boleyn (about 1499–1543), Anne Boleyn's sister.
Henry married Anne Boleyn (about 1501–1536) in 1533. Their daughter Elizabeth I (1533–1603) was born that year, and Anne had a miscarriage of a son in 1536. The marriage was annulled in 1536, two days before Anne was executed. He married Jane Seymour (about 1508–1537) in 1536; she died in 1537 after giving birth to Edward VI (1537–1553), who died of a lung disease, probably tuberculosis. In 1540 he married Anne of Cleves (1515–1557) and had the marriage annulled within months, then married Catherine Howard (about 1523–1542), Anne Boleyn's first cousin, whom he had executed in 1542; that marriage was never annulled. His last wife, Catherine Parr (about 1512–1548), married him in 1543 and was widowed when he died in 1547; she died of childbed fever in 1548.
Henry had a leg ulcer from a jousting accident in 1536 and suffered from obesity. Mary I married Philip II of Spain (1527–1598) in 1554 and was married to him until her death in 1558. Mary was hostile to her half-sister Elizabeth and had her confined in the Tower.

• Margaret Beaufort. Painted 1650 to 1700 after a sixteenth-century portrait. Unidentified painter. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Edward IV. Lucas Horenbout, 1520. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Elizabeth Woodville. Painted after her death. British School, 1513 to 1530. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Henry VII. anonymous, 1505. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Elizabeth of York. After Meynnart Wewyck, 1550. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Arthur Tudor. Anglo-Flemish School, 1500. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Catherine of Aragon. Lucas Horenbout, 1525. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Margaret Tudor. Unknown author. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Mary Boleyn. Traditionally identified as her; the sitter is not certain. Remigius van Leemput, 1630. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Henry VIII. Workshop of Hans Holbein the Younger, 1540. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Catherine Parr. anonymous, 1545. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Catherine Howard. Traditionally identified as her; the sitter is not certain. Workshop of Hans Holbein the Younger, 1540. CC0, Wikimedia Commons.
• Anne of Cleves. Hans Holbein the Younger, 1539. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Jane Seymour. Hans Holbein the Younger, 1536. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Anne Boleyn. English school, 1583. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Mary Tudor. Attributed to Jan Gossaert, 1516. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Philip II. Sofonisba Anguissola, 1565. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Mary I. Antonis Mor, 1554. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Henry FitzRoy. Lucas Horenbout, 1533. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Mary Howard. Hans Holbein the Younger, 1532. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Edward VI. Circle of William Scrots. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Elizabeth I. Unidentified painter, 1575. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
• Edmund Tudor. Rubbing of his tomb brass at St Davids Cathedral, a Victorian replacement, not a likeness from life. Unknown author. CC0, Wikimedia Commons.